Geotechnics: Disciplines and Syllabuses

Code: CIV2548 | credits: 2

Menus

 

REFERENCES

 

Code: CIV2518 | credits: 2

Menus

Types of dams. Typical sections. Factors influencing the project. Geotechnical investigations in the foundation and borrow areas. Percolation through the massif and foundation. Analysis of pore pressures and drainage devices. Stability analysis: end of construction, permanent flow and rapid drawdown. Stress – strain analysis. Tailings dams. Construction techniques and construction control. Historical cases. 

REFERENCES

Massad, F. Earthworks, second edition, Editora Oficina Textos, 216p., 2010; Cruz, PT 100 Brazilian Dams, Editora Oficina Textos, second edition, 648p., 2004; USBR. Design of Small Dams, Interior Department Bureau of Reclamation, 2015; Jansen, R.B. Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction & Rehabilitation, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 2011; Fell, R.; MacGregor, P.; Stapledon, D; Bell, G. Foster, M.  Geotechnical Engineering of Dams, CRC Press, 1382p., 2018; CBDB. The History of Dams in Brazil – XNUMXth, XNUMXth and XNUMXst centuries, National Book Editors Union, 524p., 2011.

Code: CIV2535 | credits: 3

Menus

Vibration theory of elementary systems: free and forced vibration, viscous, Rayleigh and hysteretic damping. Resonance frequency. Theory of wave propagation in elastic media: equation of motion, types of waves, reflection and transmission of waves. Behavior of sandy and clayey soils under cyclic loading. Constitutive models (equivalent linear model, cyclic nonlinear models, elastoplastic models). Behavior of surface foundations under vertical, horizontal, torsional, rocking and coupled excitation. Behavior of piles and pile groups under vertical, horizontal, torsional, rocking and coupled excitation. Seismic threat analysis. Seismic risk analysis. Project earthquake generation. Seismic amplification concepts. Site effects. Behavior of slopes under seismic loading. Dynamic and static liquefaction. Determination of geotechnical parameters in soil behavior models.

Konsulta'm

Vibration of a system with one degree of freedom. Free vibration with and without damping. Forced vibration with and without damping. Resonance frequency. Types of damping: viscous, Rayleigh and hysteretic.

Theory of wave propagation in elastic media. Helmholtz decomposition. Equation of motion. SH, SV and P plane waves. Rayleigh waves. Reflection and transmission of waves in homogeneous and stratified media. Determination of stresses, deformations and displacements in elastic media. Lamb's problem.

Behavior of shallow foundations on the surface of elastic media under vertical, horizontal, torsion, rocking and coupled cyclic loading. Solutions using the theory of elasticity and analogies of Lysmer and Hall. Buried foundations. Strata foundations.

Behavior of piles and groups of piles in elastic media under vertical, horizontal, torsion, rocking and coupled cyclic loading. Block influence and interaction between piles.

Cyclic behavior of soils. Field and laboratory tests. Stress x strain behavior models: equivalent linear, cyclic models, elastoplastic models. Hysteretic and Rayleigh damping.

Introduction to earthquake engineering. Seismic threat analysis. Seismic risk analysis.

Seismic behavior of slopes. Pseudo-static method. Seismic coefficient. Newmark's rigid block analogy. Makdisi and Seed decoupled method. Bray and Travasarou coupled method. Post-earthquake analysis.

Seismic amplification concepts. Amplification in seismic codes. Site effects. Frequency domain and time domain approach. Methods for design earthquake selection and adjustment. Equations for predicting ground motion (GMPE – Ground Motion Prediction Equations). Amplification in soft soil deposits.

Laboratory seismic tests: piezoelectric transducers, resonance column. Field seismic tests: crosshole tests, crosshole test with seismic tomography, downhole test, seismic pizocone, tests with surface waves: test with permanent R waves, continuous test with surface waves, spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW – Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves), wave reflection and refraction tests.

Soil liquefaction. Flow by liquefaction, cyclic softening. The concept of permanent state. Susceptibility to liquefaction. Beginning of liquefaction potential. Cyclic stress ratio CSR. CRR cyclic resistance ratio. Safety factor against liquefaction flow determined in a deterministic and probabilistic formulation based on SPT, CPT and S-wave propagation tests. Post-liquefaction resistance. Mitigation of the threat of liquefaction.

REFERENCES

JEFFERIES, M. and BEEN, K. Soil Liquefaction: A Critical State Approach, CRC Press, 712p., 2016; KRAMER, S.L. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Pearson, 672p. 2007; VERRUIJT, A. An Introduction to Soil Dynamics, Springer, 448p., 2012; ACHENBACH, J.D. Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids, North-Holland, 1984; DAS, BM and RAMANA, GV Principles of Soil Dynamics, Second Edition, Cengage Learning, 673p., 2011; WOLF, J.P. Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction, Prentice-Hall, 466p., 1985; WOLF, J.P. Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis in Time Domain, Prentice-Hall, 446p., 1988.

Code: CIV2537 | credits: 2

Menus

Basic notions of metrology. Permeability tests in a rigid wall permeameter under constant load and under variable load and in a flexible wall permeameter. Incremental loading and controlled deformation loading (CRS) oedometric densification tests. Direct shear test. Simple shear test (DSS). UU, CU and CD triaxial tests, isotropic (hydrostatic), anisotropic and K0 densification, controlled deformation and controlled tension, compression and extension loads. 

REFERENCES

Germaine, JT & Germaine, AV Geotechnical Laboratory Measurements for Engineers, Wiley, 2009; Head, KH & Epps, RJ Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing, Volume 2: Permeability, Shear Strength and Compressibility Tests, third edition, Whittles Publishing, 2011; Head, KH & Epps, RJ Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing, Volume 3: Effective Stress Tests, third edition, Whittles Publishing, 2014; Albertazzi, A. & Souza, AR Fundamentals of Scientific and Industrial Metrology, second edition, Editora Manole Ltda, 2018; Head, K.H. Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing, Volume 1: Soil Classification and Compaction Tests, third edition, Whittles Publishing, 2006; Vickers, B. Laboratory Work in Soil Mechanics, second edition, Granada Publishing, 1983.

Code: CIV2531 | credits: 2

Menus

Structure and dynamics of the Earth; mineralogy and its relationship with Geotechnics; igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and their relationship with Geotechnics; geological structures – tectonic faults and folds, tectonic and relief fractures, and the relationship with Geotechnics; Weathering and sedimentation profiles – alteration and alterability, residual soils and transported soils; surface and groundwater; disastrous geodynamic processes; geotechnical investigation.

REFERENCES

Brazilian Association of Engineering Geology. Engineering and Environmental Geology, ABGE, 912p., 2018; Guerra, AJT; Cunha, S.B.  Geomorphology and Environment, third edition, Bertrand do Brasil, 396 p., 2000; Carson, MA; Kirkby, M.J. Hillslope Form and Processes, Cambridge University Press, 484p., 2009; Pollard, D.D.; Fletcher, R.C. Fundamentals of Structural Geology, Cambridge University Press, 514p., 2005; John Huggett, R.J. Fundamentals of Geomorphology, 4th edition, Routledge, 578p., 2016.

Code: CIV2545 | credits: 3

Menus

Origin of petroleum and sedimentary basins. Description of sedimentary rocks and their mechanical properties. Correlations with seismic and logging data. In situ stresses and fluid pressure in sedimentary basins. Stresses around wells. Well stability. Rupture during production: production of solids. Hydraulic fracturing. Reservoir compaction and subsidence. Geological-geomechanical modeling.

Konsulta'm

Introduction and importance of rock mechanics in petroleum engineering.

Characterization of sedimentary rocks: methods and tests.

Mechanical properties of sedimentary rocks: sandstones, shales, carbonates and evaporites. Laboratory tests and field estimation.

In situ stresses: evaluation through field tests. Influence of the fault regime. Examples.

Fluid pressure inside the Earth's crust: normal pressure and over-pressurized areas. Forecasting methods and examples.

Well stability analysis: well construction, stresses around wells, stability prediction methods, allowable pressure window. Examples.

Coating loading: formation creep, numerical analysis. Examples.

Rupture during production: solids production, prediction methods. Examples.

Compaction and subsidence: effect of production on deformations around the reservoir. Influence on production. Examples.

Hydraulic fracturing: importance, fracturing operation and methods for sizing the fracture. Examples.

Geological-geomechanical modeling: description of the rock mass modeling steps. Use in drilling. Examples.

REFERENCES

FJAER, E., HOLT, RM, HORSRUD, P., RAAEN, AM & RISNES, R. Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics, 2nd edition, Elsevier, 2008; ZOBACK, M. Reservoir Geomechanics, Cambridge University Press, 461p., 2010; THOMAS, J.E. Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering, second edition, Editora Interciência, 272p., 2004.

Code: CIV2543 | credits: 3

Menus

Geotechnics and environmental damage: general aspects. Susceptibility and risk maps. Natural movements of solid mass: erosion, subsidence, slope instability. Waste and rejects: characterization and classification. Sanitary and industrial landfills. Sludge disposal: sedimentation and densification. Transport of contaminants. Sampling and testing. Geotechnics and environmental damage: general aspects. Susceptibility and risk maps. Natural movements of solid mass: erosion, subsidence, slope instability. Understanding groundwater hydrology. Geo-environmental investigation. Geo-environmental monitoring. Remediation of impacted areas. Degraded areas: assessment, monitoring and recovery techniques. Tailings dams.

Konsulta'm

Geotechnics and environmental damage

Susceptibility and risk maps

Risk identification and mapping

Risk mapping

Erosion

Geoenvironmental investigation

Remediation of impacted areas

Tailings dams

Recovery of degraded areas

REFERENCES

Rowe, R.K. Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Handbook. Springer, NY, 2012; Sarsby, R.W. Environmental Geotechnics, ICE Publishing, London, 2013; Yong. RN Sustainable Practices in Geoenvironmental Engineering. CRC Press. FL, 2017; Brassington, R. Field Hydrogeology (Geological Field Guide), 4th edition, Wiley-Blackwell, NJ, 2017; Fell, R., Corominas, J., Bonnard, C., Cascini, L., Leroi, E., and Savage, W. Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land use planning. Oficina de Textos, SP, 2013; Moore, J.E. Field Hydrogeology: A Guide for Site Investigations and Report Preparation. CRC Press. FL, 2002.

Code: CIV2553 | credits: 3

Menus

Brief review of stresses and deformations in soils. Interpretation of the Principle of Effective Tensions and its corollaries. Concept of internal friction in soils and Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. Various stress paths, compression and extension by loading and unloading. Drained versus undrained and contractile versus dilatant behavior of soils in the face of shear. Interpretation of pore pressure parameters. Triaxial tests on UU, CU and CD soils. Study of the stress-strain-resistance behavior of sands and clays based on results of triaxial tests published in classic technical-scientific articles.  

REFERENCES

ASCE Geo-Institute. A History of Progress – Selected US Papers in Geotechnical Engineering, Geotechnical Special Publication nº 118, volumes 1 and 2, edited by W. Allen Marr, 2003; Wesley, L. Professor AW Bishop's Finest Papers – A Commemorative Volume, Whittles Publishing, 2019; Atkinson, JH & Bransby, PL The Mechanics of Soils – An Introduction to Critical State Soil Mechanics. McGraw-Hill, 1978; Head, KH & Epps, RJ Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing, Volume 2: Permeability, Shear Strength and Compressibility Tests, third edition, Whittles Publishing, 2011; Head, KH & Epps, RJ (2014). Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing, Volume 3: Effective Stress Tests, third edition. Whittles Publishing, 2014; Henkel, DJ The Effect of Overconsolidation on the Behavior of Clays During Shear. Geotech, 6(4), 139-150, 1956; Lambe, T.W., & Whitman, R.V. Soil Mechanics, SI Version, John Wiley & Sons, 1979; Lee, KL & Seed, HB Drained Strength Characteristics of Sands, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 93(6), 117-141, 1967; Parry, RHG Triaxial Compression and Extension Tests on Remoulded Saturated Clay, Geotech, 10(4), 166-180, 1960; Skempton, AW The Pore-Pressure Coefficients A and B, Geotech, 4(4), 143-147, 1954; Taylor, D.W. Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, 1948; Terzaghi, K. The Shearing Resistance of Saturated Soils and the Angle between the Planes of Shear. Proc. 1st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Cambridge, Massachusetts, v.1, 54-56, 1936.

Code: CIV2546 | credits: 3

EMENTA

Origin and distribution of water and other fluids in geological environments. Engineering problems associated with the movement of fluids in geological media. Basic principles of flow in porous media. Flow in partially saturated porous media. Flow in aquifers and notions of well hydraulics. Understanding multiphase flow. Notions of hydrogeology. Flow in fractured media. Transport of contaminants in porous media. Mechanisms and equations of contaminant transport in porous media. Remediation techniques for contaminated areas. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Freeze, RA, Cherry, JA, Groundwater, Prentice Hall, 604p., 1979; Fitts, C. Groundwater Science, Academic Press, 692p., 2012; Fetter, C. W., Boving, T., Kreamer, D.  Contaminant Hydrogeology, Waveland Press, Inc, third edition, 647p., 2017; Bear, J. Dynamics of Fluid Flow in Porous Media, Dover, 800p., 1988; Bedient, P., Rifai, H., Newell, C., Groundwater Contamination: Transport and Remediation, Pearson College Div., second edition, 604p., 1999.

Code: CIV2554 | credits: 3

Menus

Basic principles of instrumentation. Resistive, inductive, acoustic and electrolytic sensors. Mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical instruments. Detail of laboratory instrumentation: measurements of force, total tension, pore pressure, displacements and volume variation. Detail of field instrumentation: measurements of surface and deep displacements, earth pressure, pore pressure and loads. Instrumentation program planning. Historical cases.
 
Konsulta'm
 
Assessment of uncertainties and errors
 
Instrumentation Principles
 
Laboratory instrumentation: measurements of force, total tension, neutral pressure, displacements and volume variation
 
Field instrumentation: measurements of surface and deep displacements, earth pressure, pore pressure and loads
 
Instrumentation program planning
 
historical cases
 
REFERENCES
 
DeRubertis, K. Monitoring Dam Performance: Instrumentation and Measurements, American Society of Civil Engineers, VA, 2018; Dunnicliff, J. Geotechnical Instrumentation for Monitoring Field Performance, Wiley Interscience, NJ, 2007; Singh, A. Soil Engineering in Theory and Practice :  Geotechnical Testing and Instrumentation, volume 2, 2nd edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd, India, 2014; Hanna, T.H. Foundation Instrumentation, Trans Tech Publications, Zurich, Switzerland, 1973; Head, K.H. Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing: Volume I, 3rd edition, Whittles Publishing, Dunbeath, UK, 2006; Head, KH, and EPPS, RJ Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing, Volume II, 3rd edition, Whittles Publishing, Dunbeath, UK, 2014; Head, KH, and EPPS, RJ Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing, Volume III, 3rd edition, Whittles Publishing, Dunbeath, UK, 2014.

Code: CIV2538 | credits: 2

Menus

Simple recognition probing with SPT tests with energy measurement and SPT-T tests. In situ permeability tests. Piezocone test. Field vane test. Dilatometer test. Pressure gauge test. Geophysical tests.

REFERENCES

Hunt, R.E. Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Handbook, second edition, CRC Press, 2005; Lunne, T., Robertson, P.K. & Powell, J.J.M. Cone Penetration Testing in Geotechnical Practice, Spon Press, 1997; Schnaid, F. & Odebrecht, E. Field Tests and their Applications to Foundation Engineering, 2nd Edition, Oficina de Textos, 2012; ABGE. Survey Classification Guidelines, Brazilian Association of Engineering and Environmental Geology, 2013; ABGE. Soil Permeability Tests – Guidelines for Executing them in the Field, Brazilian Association of Engineering and Environmental Geology, 2015; ABNT NBR 10905. Soil – In situ reed tests – Test method, 1989; ABNT NBR 6484. Soil – Simple recognition survey with SPT – Test method, 2020; ABNT NBR 16796. Soil – Standard method for energy assessment in SPT, 2020; ABNT NBR 16797. Torque measurement in SPT tests during the execution of simple percussion recognition soundings – Procedure, 2020; ASTM D6635-15. Standard Test Method for Performing the Flat Plate Dilatometer, 2015; ASTM D1586/D1586M-18. Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils, 2018; ASTM D2573/D2573M-18. Standard Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Saturated Fine-Grained Soils, 2018; ASTM D4719-20. Standard Test Methods for Prebored Pressuremeter Testing in Soils, 2020; ASTM D5778-20. Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils, 2020.

Code: CIV2520 | credits: 2

Menus

Engineering problems in rocky environments in the areas of civil, mining and petroleum engineering. The nature of rocks and properties index. Resistance of intact rocks. Discontinuities in rock masses. Stereographic projections. Resistance of discontinuities and rock masses. Deformability of rock masses. Hydraulic properties of rock masses. In-situ stresses in rock masses.

REFERENCES

GOODMAN, RE Introduction to Rock Mechanics, Wiley, 1989; JAEGER, JC, and COOK, NGW, Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Science Paperback, 1976; ZHANG, L. Engineering Properties of Rocks. Elsevier, 2017; HUDSON, JA, HARRISON, J.P. Engineering Rock Mechanics, Pergamon Press, 1997; FRANKLIN, JA and DUSSEAULT, MB, Rock Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1989.

Code: CIV2534 | credits: 3

Menus

Mechanical properties of rock masses. 3D modeling of rock masses. Stability of rock slopes: failure mechanisms and quantification methods. Underground excavations in rock: stresses and failure mechanisms, lining design for underground excavations. 

Konsulta'm

Properties of rock masses: definitions and properties of discontinuities, use of classification systems to obtain rock parameters. Representative elemental volume and use of models to define the properties of large volumes of rock.

3D modeling of rock masses: structural domains, use of 3D modelers for spatial distribution of properties

Slopes in rock masses: kinematic analysis, key block method, limit equilibrium analysis. Historical cases. Discussion of historical cases. Probabilistic studies in Rock Mechanics 

Underground excavations in rock: fundamentals, empirical methods for quantifying stability, methods for evaluating failure mode influenced by the structure, methods for evaluating the influence of in situ stresses, failure zones and historical cases, lining design in underground excavations. 

REFERENCES 

GOODMAN, RE Introduction to Rock Mechanics, John Wiley and Sons, 576p., 1988; HOEK, E. & BROWN, E.T. Underground Excavation in Rock, CRC Press, 532p., 1990; WYLLIE, DC Rock Slope Engineering, CRC Press, 5th edition, 636p., 2017; HOEK, E. & BRAY, J. Rock Slope Engineering, CRC Press, 3rd edition, 364p., 1981.

Code: CIV2530 | credits: 4

Menus

1D permanent flow. 2D permanent flow. Flow networks. Anisotropic soils. Finite difference solution, Monte Carlo method, fragment method, physical models. 1D primary densification. Solution for engineering cases. Instant and time-dependent charging. Determination of geotechnical parameters. Primary compaction and secondary compression settlement. Vertical drains, pre-loading. 3D theory of primary densification. Temporary lowering of the water table. Sizing of filters and drains. Undrained application in saturated soils. Shear strength criterion. Laboratory and field tests. Stress trajectories. Stress x deformation x resistance behavior of sands and clays. Instrumentation. Critical state theory.

Konsulta'm

  • 1D permanent flow. Darcy's Law. Load concepts. Permeability coefficient
  • Capillarity. Effective voltage in permanent flow. Body forces. Safety factors. Laboratory and field trials
  • 2D steady flow equations. Cauchy-Riemann equations
  • Flow networks. Anisotropic soils. Transfer conditions
  • Finite difference solution. Monte Carlo method
  • Solution using the fragment method. Physical models
  • 1D primary densification. Solution for engineering cases
  • Time-dependent charging
  • Determination of parameters in the laboratory
  • Primary compaction and secondary compression settlement
  • Vertical drains. Preload
  • 3D theory of primary densification
  • Temporary lowering of the water table
  • Sizing of filters and drains
  • Stress x deformation x resistance behavior of sands and clays
  • Laboratory and field shear tests; sampling
  • CD, CU, UU triaxial tests
  • Undrained strength of clays
  • Stress trajectories
  • Short- and long-term behavior of saturated clays
  • Geotechnical instrumentation
  • Special laboratory tests
  • Critical state theory

REFERENCES

CEDERGREN, HR Seepage, Drainage and Flownets, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 496p., 1997; HARR, ME Groundwater and Seepage, Dover Publications, 336p., 2011; LAMBE, TW and WHITMAN, RV Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, 576p., 1991; ALONSO, UR Temporary Lowering of Aquifers, Tenogeo / Geofix, 131p., 1999; LADE, PV Triaxial Testing of Soils, Wiley-Blackwell, 500p., 2016; NAPPET, J. and CRAIG, R.F. Craig Soil Mechanics, 8th edition, LTC publisher, 419p., 2014; REDDI, L.N. Seepage in Soils: Principles and Applications, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 402p., 2003; SCHNAID, F. and ODEBRECHT, E. Field Tests and Applications to Foundation Engineering, 2nd Edition, Editora Oficina Textos, 224p., 2012.

Code: CIV2544 | credits: 3

Menus

Critical state: stress-strain-resistance behavior of soils. Effects of anisotropy and rotation of principal stresses. Effects of temperature. Effects of shear velocity. Repetitive and cyclical loading. Unsaturated soils. Matric, solute and total suction. Humidity function. State variables and effective voltages. Stress-strain behavior. Shear strength. Volume variation. Hydraulic conductivity. Laboratory tests. Field instrumentation.

Konsulta'm

Review of the stress-strain-resistance behavior of soils within the context of the Critical State

Effects of temperature variations on the densification, compressibility, permeability and shear strength characteristics of soils

Effects of shear velocity on the drained and undrained behavior of soils

Influence of anisotropy, rotation of the direction of principal stresses and denting on the effect of shear rate on the stress-strain-strength behavior of undrained soils

Stress-strain-resistance behavior of soils under cyclic and repetitive loading

Influence of cyclic loading amplitude and frequency on undrained stress-strain-strength behavior of soils

Unsaturated soils: index properties

Suction concept in unsaturated soils

State variables and effective stresses in unsaturated soils

Suction measurements and control in unsaturated soils

Moisture retention curve in unsaturated soils

Hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated soils

Volume variation in unsaturated soils

Shear strength of unsaturated soils

Laboratory tests and field instrumentation

REFERENCES

WOOD, D.M. Soil Behavior and Critical State Soil Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 462p., 1991; MITCHELL, JK and SOGA, K. Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 558p., 2005; FREDLUND, DG, RAHARDJO, H. and FREDLUND, MD Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 926p., 2012; LAMBE, TW and WHITMAN, RV Soil Mechanics, Wiley Series in Geotechnical Engineering, 553p., 1969; LU, N. and LIKOS, W.J. Unsaturated Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 545p., 2004; LALOUI, L. Mechanics of Unsaturated Geomaterials, Wiley and ISTE Ltd, 381p., 2010; Selected technical articles.

Code: CIV2101 | credits: 3

Menus

REFERENCES

Code: CIV2552 | credits: 3

Menus

Introduction. Partial differential equations in flow and transport problems. Numerical methods for solving steady/transient flow and transport equations in porous media: finite difference method, finite element method, boundary element method.

REFERENCES

Anderson MP, Woessner WW, Hunt. RJ Applied Groundwater Modeling: Simulation of Flow and Advective Transport, 2nd edition, Academic Press, 630p., 2015. Wang, H.F. Andreson, M.P.  Introduction to Groundwater Modeling: Finite Difference and Finite Element Methods, Academic Press, 237p., 1995. Bundschuh, J.; Suárez, M.C.  Introduction to the Numerical Modeling of Groundwater and Geothermal Systems: Fundamentals of Mass, Energy and Solute Transport in Poroelastic Rocks, CRC Press, 522p., 2010.

Code: CIV2551 | credits: 3

EMENTA

PROGRAMME

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Code: CIV2540 | credits: 2

Menus 

Analysis of stresses and deformations. Invariants and Mohr's circle. Linear elastic model: isotropic and anisotropic. Theory of linear elasticity. Formulation of problems in elasticity. Applications to geotechnical engineering problems. Rupture criteria. 
 
Konsulta'm
  • Stress analysis: definition, stress state, planes and principal stresses. Tension balance. 3D Mohr circle. Haig-Westergaard space.
  • Deformation analysis: small deformations. Deformation – displacement relationships. Deformation compatibility.
  • Ideal elastic material: definitions. Stress – deformation relationship: general concepts; isotropic elastic materials. Interpretation of essays.
  • Stress – strain relationship: anisotropic elastic materials. Determination of parameters in transversely anisotropic media.
  • Formulation of problems in elasticity. Boundary conditions. Flat state of stress and deformation. Solutions in terms of tensions and in terms of displacements.
  • Application of elasticity theory in Geotechnics. Undrained loading. Poro-elastic problem.
    Rupture criteria. Influence of intermediate principal stress.
     
    REFERENCES
     
    CHOU, P. & PAGANO, N. Elasticity —Tensor Dyadic, and Engineering Approaches, Dover Publ., Inc., 290p., 1992; WANG, H.F. Theory of Linear Poroelasticity with Applications to Geomechanics and Hydrogeology, Princeton University Press, 204p., 2000; DESAI, CS & SIRIWARDANE, HJ Constitutive Laws for Engineering Materials with Emphasis on Geologic Materials, Prentice Hall, Inc., 468p., 1984.

Code: CIV2547 | credits: 2

Menus

Introduction to indexical notation with summation convention. State of tension at the point. State of deformation at the point. Elastic, hyperelastic and hypoelastic constitutive models. Hyperbolic model. Introduction to plasticity theory. Isotropic hardening. Flow laws. Postulates of stability and aspects of instability in soils. Traditional elastoplastic models: Tresca, Von Mises, Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager. Modifications to the Mohr-Coulomb model: Lade & Duncan model and Matsuoka & Nakai model. Critical state concepts. Critical state model for clays: Modified Cam Clay. Cap Models. HSM Model – Hardening Soil Model. Single hardening surface model (Lade & Kim model). Models for soft soils (Soft Soil and Soil Soil Creep). Barcelona Basic Model for partially saturated soils. Hoek-Brown model for rock masses. Critical state model for sands: Nor-Sand model. Numerical implementation. Exercises.

Konsulta'm

  • Introduction to indexical notation with summation convention.
  • The state of stress at the point – main stresses and directions; deviation voltages; octahedral tensions; geometric representation of the stress state; sets of stress invariants; Mohr's circle in 2D and 3D stress states.
  • The state of deformation at the point; Lagrange, Euler and Cauchy strain tensors; small rotation tensioner; deformations and main directions; deviation deformations; octahedral deformations; compatibility equations.
  • Linear and nonlinear elastic models. Hyper and hypoelastic models. Hyperbolic model. Unloading, unloading and reloading criteria. Advantages and limitations of elastic and hypoelastic models.
  • Introduction to plasticity theory. Flow and rupture. Elasto-perfectly plastic materials and materials with elastoplastic hardening. Elastic and plastic deformation increments. Flow and plastic potential functions. General law of plastic flow. General procedure for obtaining the constitutive relationship. Postulates of stability and aspects of instability in soils.
  • Elasto-perfectly plastic models. Tresca model. Von Mises model. Mohr-Coulomb model. Drucker-Prager model. Modifications to the Mohr-Coulomb model: maximum traction criterion, Duncan – Lade model, Matsuoka – Nakai model.
  • Critical state concepts for saturated clays. Roscoe surface. Hvorslev surface. Ultimate state in heavily PA clay. Cam Clay model and Modified Cam Clay model. Hardening law. Increase in elastic and plastic deformations. Undrained formulation. Applications of the Modified Cam Clay model.
  • HSM Model – Hardening Soil Model. Stiffness dependent on stress level. Double plastic drainage surface. Flow laws. Model parameters and experimental determination. Advantages of HSM over the classical Mohr-Coulomb model.
  • Model with single constitutive surface (Lade & Kim model). Rupture criterion. Plastic flow function. Plastic potential function. Flow law. Plastic hardening and softening law. Experimental determination of model parameters. Incremental formulation. Numerical implementation.
  • Constitutive models for soft soils (Soft Soil & Soft Soil Creep). Flow functions. Flow law. Model parameters. The concept of the abc isotock. Incremental formulation. Creep deformations. Breakdown condition.
  • Barcelona Basic Model. LC and SI flow surfaces. Plastic hardening laws. Plastic deformation increments. Experimental determination of model parameters.
  • Hoek-Brown model for rock masses. Evolution of the empirical model. Generalized criterion. Formulation by plasticity theory. Parameters and determination. Advantages and limitations.
  • Critical state model for sands (Nor-Sand model). Critical state concepts for granular soils. State parameter. Critical state line (CSL) and isotropic consolidation lines (NCL). Drain surface. Flow law. Hardening law. Model parameters. Experimental determination. Numerical implementation. Applications.

REFERENCES

YU, H.-S. Plasticity and Geotechnics, Springer, 2006, 522p.; POTTS, DM AND ZDRAVKOVIC, L. Finite element analysis in geotechnical engineering: theory, Thomas Telford, 1999, 440p.; JEFFERIES, M.; BEEN, K. Soil Liquefaction – A Critical State Approach, CRC Press, Second Edition, 2016, 690p.; BRIAUD, J.L. Geotechnical Engineering: Unsaturated and Saturated Soils, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, 998p.; DESAI, CS and SIRIWARDANE, HJ Constitutive Laws for Engineering Materials, with Emphasis on Geologic Materials, Prentice-Hall, 1984.; DAVIS, RO and SELVADURAI, APS Plasticity and Geomechanics, Cambridge University Press, 2002, 287p.; FREDLUND, DG; RAHARDJO, H. and FREDLUND, M.D. Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, John Wiley & Sons, 2012, 926p.; LADE, PV Soil constitutive models: evaluation, selection and calibration, Geotechnical Special Publication 128, 2005.; MASE, GT and MASE, GE Continuum Mechanics for Engineers, CRC Press, 2nd edition, 1999, 380p.; MATSUOKA, H. and SUN, D. The SMP concept-based 3D constitutive models for geomaterials, Taylor & Francis, 2006, 136p.; PIETRUSZCZAK, S. Fundamentals of plasticity in geomechanics, CRC Press, 2010, 196p.; WOOD, D.M. Soil Behavior and Critical State Soil Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 1990, 462p.

Code: CIV2549 | credits: 3

Code: CIV8081 | credits: 1

Menus

Konsulta'm

REFERENCES

Code: 2582/85 | credits: 2

Menus

Code: CIV22586/90 | credits: 3

Menus

Code: CIV2578 | credits: 3

Menus